MAA wishes to acknowledge funding for his doctoral studies from the Faculty of Spatial Sci ences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands, through the PhD Scholarship Programme and the University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ghana. The authors are grateful to Dr. Ste phen Adaawen, Population Research Centre, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Gronin gen, for proofreading the manuscript.
MAA, HH, and TCV conceptualized the study. MAA undertook the literature search. MAA and TCV screened publications and assessed full text for eligibility and inclusion. MAA extracted the data and synthesized the findings. TCV and HH cross-validated synthesized findings. MAA drafted the manuscript. HH and TCV provided supervisory support in drafting and revising the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.